• Українська
  • English
  • Русский
ISSN 2415-3400 (Online)
ISSN 1028-821X (Print)

Quasioptical millimeter wave solid-state generator

Bilous, OI, Kirilenko, AA, Natarov, MP, P.Sirenko, S, Fisun, AI, Shubny, AI
Organization: 

O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
12, Proskura st., Kharkov, 61085, Ukraine

E-mail: afis@ire.kharkov.ua

https://doi.org/10.15407/rej2018.04.067
Language: russian
Abstract: 

 

Subject and purpose. Open resonant system as the oscillating circuit of the solid-state oscillators and characteristics of the quasi-optical oscillators properly are the object of investigations. Purpose of article is review of works being fulfilled at the solid-state department over period 1979 and to the present day. The intent of the paper is to give the indication prerequisites of the creation of high-stabilized millimeter wave sources and way of this problem solution.  

Method and methodology. Theoretical and experimental methods of study of main parameters of open resonators with resonant and nonresonant inhomogeneities such as spectrum, field topology of open resonators are the waveguide model of resonator, decomposition method, generalized scattering matrix method, and experimental technique of the power, frequency, and spectrum measurements.

Results. Results of study and development of quasi-optical solid-state oscillator are: the level of frequency noise is no more than –115…120 dB/Hz; power of generation at first harmonic is up to 130…150 mW at frequency of 40…50 GHz; at second harmonic – up to 10 mW at 60…90 GHz; generation power is no more than 3 mW at frequency of 150 GHz ; long-term frequency instability is 3×10–8 at active control temperature DТ ~ 0.1 °С.

Conclusion. In the paper it is analyzed an application area of solid-state oscillators. They are local oscillators in receiving units and radiometers, refractometry, dielectro-metry, and fields where high stability and low level of frequency noise are needed. The promising lines are inquired, they are search of new physical properties for nonlinear element creating at Terahertz frequency band.

Keywords: decomposition, diffraction grating, frequency noise, frequency stability, generalized scattering matrix, Gunn diode, IMPATT diode, impedance, nonlinear component, open resonator, quasi-optical solid-state oscillator, quasioptics, second harmonics

Manuscript submitted 29.10.2018
PACS: 84.30.Ng
Radiofiz. elektron. 2018, 23(4): 67-94
Full text  (PDF)

References: 

 

  1. Quasioptics (1966). Translated and ed. from English and German by B. Z. Katsenelenbaum, V. V. Shev-chenko. Moscow: Mir Publ. (in Russian).
  2. Zhabotynsky, M. E., Shmaonova, T. A. (eds.), 1963. Lasers. Moscow: Inostr. Lit-ra Publ. (in Russian).
  3. Kai Chang ed., 1989. Handbook of Microwave and Optical Components. Vol. 1. Microwave Passive and Antenna Components. New York: J. Wiley
  4. Gonban, G., Schwering, F., 1961. On the Guided Propagation of Electromagnetic Wave Beams. IRE Trans. Anntenas Propag., 9(3), pp. 248–256.
  5. Fox, A. C., Li, T., 1961. Resonant Modes in a Maser Interferometer. Bell Syst. Techn. J., 40(2), pp. 453–488.
  6. Weinstein, L.F., 1966. Open Resonators and Open Waveguides. Moscow: Sov. Radio Publ. (in Russian).
  7. Schawlow, A. L., 1960. Infrared and optical masers. In: Quantum Electronics, A Symposium, ed. C. Townes, p. 553. New York: Columbia University Press.
  8. Kogelnik, H., Li, T., 1966. Laser Beams and Resonators. Appl. Opt., 5(10), pp. 1550–1567.
  9. Heriott, D. R., 1962. Optical Properties of He-Ne Laser. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A., 52(1), pp. 31–35.
  10. Levin, G. Ya., Borodkin, A. I., Kirichenko, A. Ya., Churilova, S. A., Usikov, A. Ya. (ed.), 1992. Klynotron. Kiev: Naukova Dumka Publ. (in Russian).
  11. Shestopalov, V. P., 1976. Diffraction Electronics. Kharkov: KhGU Publ. (in Russian).
  12. Smith, S. J., Pursell, E. M., 1953. Visible light from localized surface charges moving across grating. Phys. Rev., 92(4), pp. 1069–1073.
  13. Rusin, F. C., Bogomolov, G. D., 1965. Electronic Device for Generation and Amplification of Oscillations. USSR Autorsʼ Certificate 195,557 (in Russian).
  14. Mizuno, K., Ono, C., Schibatu, Y., 1970. A new electron tube with a Fabry-Perot resonator for generation in millimeter and submillimeter waves. In: Fox J., ed. 1970. Proc. of the Symp. on Submillimeter Waves. New York: Polytechnic Press, pp. 115134.
  15. Miroshnichenko, V. S., 2009. Competition and Cooperation of Modes in Small-Volume DRO with Periodic Structure of Coupled Grooved Waveguide. Telecommunications and Radio Engineering, 68(3), pp. 231–245.
  16. Vasilyev, N. A., Lukash, V. S., Muravyov, V. V., Shalatonin, V. I., 1985. State and Main Problems of MM Generator Development Based on Gunn Diodes. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radioelektronika, 28(10), pp. 42–50 (in Russian).
  17. Tager, A. S., Wald-Perlov, B. M., 1968. Avalange
    Diodes and their Application in Microwave Engineering. Moscow: Sov. Radio Publ. (in Russian).
  18. Kosarev, E. A., 1966. Spectrum Rarefaction of Open Resonator using Eshelette Grating. Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 3(7), pp. 295–298 (in Russian).
  19. Feldstain, A. L., Yarvitch, L. P., 1971. Synthesis of Quadro- and Eght-Port for Microwave. Moscow: Svyaz’ Publ. (in Russian).
  20. Borodkin, A. I., Bulgakov, B. M., Matveeva, V. A., Smorodin, V. V., 1979. Generator. USSR Autorsʼ Certificate 675,579 (in Russian).
  21. Borodkin, A. I., Bulgakov, B. M., Matveeva, V. A., Rodionov, A. B., Smorodin, V. V., 1979. Millimeter Waveband Semiconductor Generator with Quasioptical Resonance System. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 5, pp. 285–288 (in Russian).
  22. Borodkin, A. I., Bulgakov, B. M., Matveeva, V. A., Rodionov, A. V., Smorodin, V. V., Shestopalov, V. P., 1979. Semiconductor Generator with Quasi-Optical Resonance System. Elektronnaya tekhnika. Ser. 1. Elektronika SVCh, 3, pp. 13–19 (in Russian).
  23. Borodkin, A. I., Bulgakov, B. M., Smorodin, V. V., 1980. Semiconductor Generator with Oacillating System – Open Resonator with Reflective Diffraction Grating. Pisma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 19, pp. 1189–1193 (in Russian).
  24. Arendar, V. N., Prokhorov, E. D., 1973. Frequency Jumping in Gunn Generator. Radiotekhnika i elektronika, 18(6), pp. 1320–1322 (in Russian).
  25. Shestopalov, V. P., Kirilenko, A. A., Masalov, S. A., Sirenko, Yu. K., 1986. Resonant Wave Scattering. Vol. 1. Diffraction Gratings. Kiev: Naukova Dumka Publ. (in Russian).
  26. Kotserzhinskii, B. L., Matsusskii, E. A., Pershin, N. A., Taranenko, V. P., 1987. Solid-State Oscillator with Quasi-Optical Resonant Systems. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radioelektronika, 30(10), pp. 13–23 (in Russian).
  27. Mizuno, K., Ajikata, T., Hieda, M., Nakayama, M., 1988. Quasi-Optical Resonator for MM and Submm Wave Solid-State Sourses. Electron. Lett., 24(13), pp. 792–793.
  28. Nagano, S., Ohnaka, S., 1972. A highly stabilized
    Ka-band Gunn oscillator. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 20(2), pp. 174–176.
  29. Bulgakov, B. M., Skresanov, V. N., Fisun, A. I., Fursov, A. M., 1981. Study of Quasi-Optical Open resonator with One or Several Conductive Planes between Reflectors. In: Radiotekhnika. Kharkov: Kharkov Institute of Mining Machinery, Automation and Computer Engineering Publ., 56, pp. 21–29 (in Russian).
  30. Bulgakov, B. M., Kochin, V. N., Skresanov, V. N., Fisun, A. I., Shubnyi, A. I., 1983. Excitation of Long Rectangular Channel in Plane reflector of Semispherical Open Resonator. In: Fizika i Tekhnika MM i SubMM Voln. Kiev: Naukova Dumka Publ., pp. 44–49 (in Russian).
  31. Bulgakov, B. M., Skresanov, V. N., Fisun, A. I., Shubnyi, A. I., 1984. Selection of Longitudinal Modes of Millimeter Wave Open Resonator with Longitudinal Resonance Heterogeneities. Radiotekhnika i Electronika, 29(5), pp. 894–900 (in Russian).
  32. Bulgakov, B. M., Skresanov, V. N., Fisun, A. I., 1983. Study of Open Resonators with Rectangular Heterogeneities on Reflectors. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radiofiz., 26(4), pp. 447–454 (in Russian).
  33. Valitov, R. A., Makarenko, B. I. eds., 1984. Measurements at Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves. Moscow: Radio i Svyazʼ Publ. (in Russian).
  34. Belous, O. I., Bulgakov, B. M., Fisun, A. I., Fursov, A. M. Microwave generator. USSR Autorsʼ Certificate 1,309,870 (in Russian).
  35. Valitov, R. A. ed., 1969. Submillimeter Wave Techno-logy. Moscow: Sov. Radio Publ. (in Russian).
  36. Nikolskii, V. V., Nokolskaya, T. I., 1983. Decomposition Approach to Electrodynamical Problems. Moscow: Nauka Publ. (in Russian).
  37. Mittra, P., Li, S., 1974. Analytical Methods in Waveguide Theory. Translated and ed. from English by G. V. Voskresenskiy. Moscow: Mir Publ. (in Russian).
  38. Kirilenko, A. A., Tkachenko, V. I., 1996. Systems of Electrodynamical Simulation of SHF-UNF Devices. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radioelektronika, 39(9), pp. 17–28 (in Russian).
  39. Belous, O. I., Kirilenko, A. A., Fisun, A. I., 2008. Quasi-Optical resonant Systems in Solid-State Devices of MM and Submm Wavebands. In: V. M. Yakovenko, ed. 2008. Radiofizika i elektronika. Kharkov: IRE NAS of Ukraine Publ. 13(spec.iss.), pp. 376–390 (in Russian).
  40. Fisun, A. I., 1998. Method for analysis of open resonator with Step-like deformation of mirrors. Electron. Lett., 34(2), pp. 192–193.
  41. Belous, O. I., Kirilenko, A. A., Tkachenko, V. I., Fi-sun, A. I., Fursov, A. M., 1994. Excitation of an open stripline resonator by a plane waveguide. Radiophys. Quantum Electron., 37(3), pp. 181–189.
  42. Fisun, A. I., Tkachenko, V. I., Belous, O. I., Kirilenko, A. A., 2000. Excitation of Oscillations in Open Resonators with Eshelette and Corner-Eshelette Mirrors. Radiotekhnika i elektronika, 45(5), pp. 632–639 (in Russian).
  43. Tkachenko, V. I., Fisun, A. I., 1998. Simulation of natural oscillations in a corner-echelette open resonator. Telecommunications and Radio Engineering, 52(2), pp. 42–46.
  44. Fisun, A. I., 1997. Monofrequency excitation of open resonator with inclined comb grating. Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves, 18(7), pp. 2353–2367.
  45. Belous, O. I., Kirilenko, A. A., Fisun, A. I., 1998. Quasimonofrequency Spectra of Open Resonator with Comb Grating. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radioelektronika, 41(4), pp. 8–13 (in Russian).
  46. Fisun, A. I., 1997. Millimeter wave band open resonators with additive restriction of resonant space. Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves, 18(12), pp. 2353–2367.
  47. Fisun, A. I., 1997. High Merit Factor Resonances in Open Resonators with Partial Limited Region. Dopov. Nac. akad. nauk Ukr., 2, pp. 97–102 (in Russian).
  48. Fisun, A. I., 1997. Constructive synthesis of dispersive oscillation systems of quasi-optical solid-state millimeter wave sources. Electromagnetic Waves and Electronic Systems, 2(5), pp. 37–43.
  49. Glamazdin, V. V., Natarov, M. P., Skresanov, V. N., Shubnyi, A. I., 2011. Radiation Losses of Pointed Coupled Elements of Open Resonator. Radiofiz. Elektron., 2(16)(3), pp. 12–25 (in Russian).
  50. Glamazdin, V. V., Natarov, M. P., Skresanov, V. N., Shubnyi, A. I., 2009. Excitation Efficiency of Quasi-Optical Open Resonator from Waveguide. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radiofiz., 52(3), pp. 231–249 (in Russian).
  51. Bulgakov, B. M., Skresanov, V. N., Fisun, A. I., Shubnyi, A. I., 1984. Power Characteristics of Quasi-Optical Gunn Diode Oscillator. Elektronnaya tekhnika. Ser. 1. Elektronika SVCh, 3(363), pp. 13–19 (in Russian).
  52. Belous, O. I., Bulgakov, B. M., Skresanov, V. N., Fisun, A. I., Shubnyi, A. I., 1988. Quasi-Optical Generator with Radial-Waveguide Excitations. Instrum. Exp. Tech., 1, pp. 125–127 (in Russian).
  53. Bulgakov, B. M., Skresanov, V. N., Fisun, A. I., Shubnyi, A. I., 1987. Quasi-Optical Gunn Generator with Increased Tuning Band. Ibid., pp. 114–116 (in Russian).
  54. Arkhipov, A. V., Belous, O. I., Bulgakov, B. M., Fisun, A. I., Fursov, A. M., 1991. Quasi-Optical Gunn- and IMPATT-Diode with Open Resonator. Instrum. Exp. Tech., 3, pp. 106–109 (in Russian).
  55. Belous, O. I., Sukhoruchko, O. N., Fisun, A. I., 2006. Power and Spectrum Performance of Quasi-Optical Solid-State MM-Wave Oscillator. Telecommunications and Radio Engineering, 65(16), P. 1501–1523.
  56. Vyrovoyi, S. I., Gumennyi, S. N., Tsvirko, Yu. A., 1976. Comparison One-Contour Circuit of Stabilization of Oscillators Based on Active Two Poles. Elektronnaya tekhnika. Ser. 1. Elektronika SVCh, 3, pp. 47–58 (in Russian).
  57. Borodkin, A. I., Bulgakov, B. M., Skresanov, V. N., Natarov, M. P., Shubnyi, A. I., 1991. Two-Frequency Two-Diode Quasi-Optical MM-Wave Generator. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radioelektronika, 3, pp. 96–98 (in Russian).
  58. Fursov, A. M., Bulgakov, B. M., Fisun A. I., 1983. Two-frequency asynchronized stable generation of the Gunn diode in open resonant system. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Radioelektronika, 26(10), pp. 80–81 (in Russian).
  59. Mink, J. N., 1986. Quasi-Optical Power Combing of Solid-State Millimeter-Wave Sources. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 34(2), pp. 273–279.
  60. Borodkin, A. I., Bulgakov, B. M., Smorodin, V. V., 1980. Power Combining of Several Diodes in Quasi-Optical Resonant System. Elektronnaya tekhnika. Ser. 1. Elektronika SVCh, 3, pp. 14–19 (in Russian).
  61. Bulgakov, B. M., Natarov, M. P., 2003. Study of Excitation Efficiency of Open Resonant System. In: V. M. Yakovenko, ed. 2003. Radiofizika i elektronika. Kharkov: IRE NAS of Ukraine Publ. 8(2), pp. 175–179 (in Russian).
  62. Bulgakov, B. M., Natarov, M. P., Skresanov, V. N., 2006. Excitation Characteristics of Open Resonator by Electrical Dipole System. In: V. M. Yakovenko, ed. 2006. Radiofizika i elektronika. Kharkov: IRE NAS of Ukraine Publ. 11(3), pp. 366–371 (in Russian).
  63. Fisun, A. I., Belous, O. I., 1999. Quasi-Optical Solid-State Source of Radiation: Evolution Principles, Development, and Promising of Implementation. Zarubezhnaya radioelektronika. Uspekhi sovremennoy radioelektroniki, 4, pp. 41–64 (in Russian).
  64. Skresanov, V. N., Glamazdin, V. V., Fisun, A. I., Shubnyi, A. I., 2016. Active Quasi-Optical Refractometer in the extremely High Frequencies (EHF) Band. Telecommunications and Radio Engineering, 75(1), pp. 83–96.
  65. Krasov, P., Fisun, A., Arkhypova, K., 2015. Microwave Device for Permittivity Measurement of Biological Liquids. Ukraine Pat. 109779 (in Ukrainian).
  66. Arkhypova, K., Krasov, P., Fisun, A., Nosatov, A., Lychko, V., Malakhov, V., 2017. Microwave Dielectrometry as a Tool for the Characterization of Blood Cell Membrane Activity for in vitro Diagnostics. Int. J. Microwave Wireless Technolog., 9(8), pp. 1569–1574.
  67. Krasov, P. S., Belous, O. I., Volokh, A. I., Fisun, A. I., Malakhov, V. A., 2018. Millimeter Wave Effects in Medicine: from Theory to Practice. Kharkov: Original Publ. (in Russian). 
  68. Storozhenko, I. P., 2007. Frequency Characteristics of Diodes with Intervaly Electron Transfer that Based an Variband Inx(z)Ga1–x(z)As with Various Cathode Contacts. J. Commun. Technol. Electron., 52(10), pp. 1158–1164.