EXCITATIONS OF WAVEGUIDES AND CAVITIES BY ELECTRON FLOWS

The equations of excitation of waveguides and resonators by foreign sources are used for solving problems in electrodynamics, microwave and terahertz electronics. The authors of several monographs describe the algorithm for solving the problem of excitation, presenting a waveguide (or a resonator) in the area of foreign currents as a regular one, and as a result in terms of orthogonality of eigen modes of regular waveguide in this area. In reality, foreign currents are set on excitation elements (pins, loops, slots and apertures in the sides of a waveguide or resonator), which transform the mentioned electrodynamics systems into irregular, diffraction and wave scattering take place in the area of foreign sources. Therefore, the well-known equations of excitation from the mentioned monographs cannot be applied for solving problems on excitation of irregular electrodynamics systems by foreign sources. In vacuum electron microwave devices this limitation is removed: foreign electric currents are formed by free electrons currents and excitation elements i.e. slots, loops and apertures are absent. However, there is another obstacle: in vacuum sources of microwave radiation unlike passive electrodynamics, the areas of excitation are not fixed in space, that is why transversal electrons phasing takes place. In this paper we formulated equations of excitation of waveguides and resonators by electron currents under transversal electrons phasing. Application of these equations considerably expands the area of solved problems in electrodynamics and vacuum microwave electronics (in particular, in electronics of gyro devices of new type).